The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global supply chains
Keywords:
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Pandemic, Epidemic, Lockdown, Supply Chain Management, Healthcare Industry, DisruptionsAbstract
The unforeseen COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc on global supply chains. Since the onset of the pandemic, researchers have been actively investigating and publishing findings on the various supply chain challenges the virus poses. Despite the increasing number of publications on this topic, a lack of comprehensive literature reviews hinders a clear understanding of the areas that have already been explored and those requiring further study. The current review presents an analysis of prior research addressing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on supply chain operations. A thorough search identified 74 new studies published on or before September 28, 2020. This review summarizes each study's research focus, methodology, background, and theoretical frameworks. Our findings indicate a scarcity of empirically conducted and theoretically grounded studies, limiting the generalizability of the results. Most recent research emphasizes supply chains for essential products and healthcare supplies, which faced significant demand during the pandemic. In contrast, the supply chains of non-essential items and small businesses have been mainly overlooked.
References
Agha, A. A., Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., Khan, S., & Khan, U. (2021). Antecedents of Customer Loyalty at Telecomm Sector. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 12(9), 1352-1374. https://www.tojqi.net/index.php/journal/article/view/5873/4175
Albhirat, M. M., Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., Rasool, S., Zulkiffli, S. N. A., Zia-Ul-Haq, H. M., & Mohammad, A. M. (2024). The PRISMA Statement in Enviropreneurship Study: A Systematic Literature and a Research Agenda. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 18(2024), 100721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2024.100721
Ali, I., & Waqas, M. (2022). Co-opetition symmetry and firm performance: A study of sports goods industry. International Journal of Management Research and Emerging Sciences, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.56536/ijmres.v12i1.191
Aljuneidi, T., Bhat, S. A., & Boulaksil, Y. (2023). A comprehensive systematic review of the literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on supply chains. Supply Chain Analytics, 3(100025), 100025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sca.2023.100025
Alrazehi, H. A. A. W., Amirah, N. A., Emam, A. S., & Hashmi, A. R. (2021). Proposed model for entrepreneurship, organizational culture and job satisfaction towards organizational performance in International Bank of Yemen. International Journal of Management and Human Science, 5(1), 1-9. https://ejournal.lucp.net/index.php/ijmhs/article/view/1330/1399
Amirah, N. A., Him, N. F. N., Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., Zaliha, T. N., & Afthahnoon, A. (2024). Fostering a safety culture in manufacturing through safety behavior: A structural equation modelling approach. Journal of Safety and Sustainability, 1 (2), 108-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsasus.2024.03.001
Archetti, C., & Speranza, M. G. (2014). A survey on matheuristics for routing problems. EURO Journal on Computational Optimization, 2(4), 223–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13675-014-0030-7
Armocida, B., Formenti, B., Ussai, S., Palestra, F., & Missoni, E. (2020). The Italian health system and the COVID-19 challenge. The Lancet. Public Health, 5(5), e253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30074-8
Aronsson, H., Abrahamsson, M., & Spens, K. (2011). Developing lean and agile health care supply chains. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 16(3), 176–183. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598541111127164
Baloch, N. & Rashid, A. (2022). Supply chain networks, complexity, and optimization in developing economies: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. South Asian Journal of Operations and Logistics, 1(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.57044/SAJOL.2022.1.1.2202
Boccia, S., Ricciardi, W., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2020). What other countries can learn from Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180(7), 927–928. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1447
Carter, C. R., & Rogers, D. S. (2008). A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward new theory. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 38(5), 360–387. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030810882816
Chip Routt, M. L., Jr, Meier, M. C., Kregor, P. J., & Mayo, K. A. (1993). Percutaneous iliosacral screws with the patient supine technique. Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics, 3(1), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1048-6666(06)80007-8
Das, S., Ghani, M., Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., Manthar, S., & Ahmed, S. (2021). How customer satisfaction and loyalty can be affected by employee’s perceived emotional competence: The mediating role of rapport. International Journal of Management, 12(3), 1268-1277. https://doi.org/10.34218/IJM.12.3.2021.119
De Vos, J. (2020). The effect of COVID-19 and subsequent social distancing on travel behavior. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 5(100121), 100121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100121
De Vries, J., & Huijsman, R. (2011). Supply chain management in health services: An overview. Supply Chain Management. An International Journal, 16(3), 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598541111127146
Dunlap, D., Marion, T., & Friar, J. (2014). The role of cross-national knowledge on organizational ambidexterity: A case of the global pharmaceutical industry. Management Learning, 45(4), 458–476. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350507613480099
Esfahbodi, A., Zhang, Y., & Watson, G. (2016). Sustainable supply chain management in emerging economies: Trade-offs between environmental and cost performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 181, 350–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.02.013
Gates, B. (2020). Responding to COVID-19: A once-in-a-century pandemic? New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), 1677-1679. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2003762
Guan, D., Wang, D., Hallegatte, S., Davis, S. J., Huo, J., Li, S., Bai, Y., Lei, T., Xue, Q., Coffman, D., Cheng, D., Chen, P., Liang, X., Xu, B., Lu, X., Wang, S., Hubacek, K., & Gong, P. (2020). Global supply-chain effects of COVID-19 control measures. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(6), 577–587. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0896-8
Guler, I., & Nerkar, A. (2012). The impact of global and local cohesion on innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. Strategic Management Journal, 33(5), 535–549. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.957
Gupta, C. P., & Bedi, P. (2020). Corporate cash holdings and promoter ownership. Emerging Markets Review, 44(100718), 100718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2020.100718
Han, J., Lu, H., Trienekens, J. H., & Omta, S. W. F. (2013). The impact of supply chain integration on firm performance in the pork processing industry in China. Chinese Management Studies, 7(2), 230–252. https://doi.org/10.1108/cms-jun-2011-0034
Haq, Z. U., Rasheed, R., Rashid, A., & Akhter, S. (2023). Criteria for Assessing and Ensuring the Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Business Reflections, 4(2), 150-173. Available at: http://journals.pu.edu.pk/journals/index.php/ijbr/article/view/7358
Haque, I., Rashid, A., & Ahmed, S. Z. (2021). The Role of Automobile Sector in Global Business: Case of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of International Affairs, 4(2), 363-383. https://doi.org/10.52337/pjia.v4i2.195
Hashmi, A. (2022). Factors affecting the supply chain resilience and supply chain performance. South Asian Journal of Operations and Logistics, 1(2), 65-85. https://doi.org/10.57044/SAJOL.2022.1.2.2212
Hashmi, A. R., & Mohd, A. T. (2020). The effect of disruptive factors on inventory control as a mediator and organizational performance in health department of Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy, 9(2), 122-134. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.26.2020.92.122.134
Hashmi, A. R., Amirah, N. A., & Yusof, Y. (2020a). Mediating effect of integrated systems on the relationship between supply chain management practices and public healthcare performance: Structural Equation Modeling. International Journal of Management and Sustainability, 9(3), 148-160. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.11.2020.93.148.160
Hashmi, A. R., Amirah, N. A., & Yusof, Y. (2021b). Organizational performance with disruptive factors and inventory control as a mediator in public healthcare of Punjab, Pakistan. Management Science Letters, 11(1), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.8.028
Hashmi, A. R., Amirah, N. A., Yusof, Y., & Zaliha, T. N. (2020b). Exploring the dimensions using exploratory factor analysis of disruptive factors and inventory control. The Economics and Finance Letters, 7(2), 247-254. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.29.2020.72.247.254
Hashmi, A. R., Amirah, N. A., Yusof, Y., & Zaliha, T. N. (2021a). Mediation of inventory control practices in proficiency and organizational performance: State-funded hospital perspective. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 9(1), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2020.11.006
Hashmi, R. (2023). Business Performance Through Government Policies, Green Purchasing, and Reverse Logistics: Business Performance and Green Supply Chain Practices. South Asian Journal of Operations and Logistics, 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.57044/SAJOL.2023.2.1.2301
Ivanov, D. (2020). Predicting the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on global supply chains: A simulation-based analysis on the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2) case. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 136(101922), 101922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.101922
Jais, R., Ngah, A. H., Rahi, S., Rashid, A., Ahmad, S. Z., & Mokhlis, S. (2024). Chatbots Adoption Intention in Public Sector in Malaysia from the Perspective of TOE Framework: The Moderated and Mediation Model. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, In press. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-04-2024-0151
Jiang, F., Isa, F. M., Ng, S. P., & Bhatti, M. (2023). The impact of supply chain integration to supply chain responsiveness in Chinese electronics manufacturing companies. SAGE Open, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231219070
Khan, M., Jaber, M. Y., & Guiffrida, A. L. (2012). The effect of human factors on the performance of a two level supply chain. International Journal of Production Research, 50(2), 517–533. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2010.539282
Khan, S. K., Ahmed, S., & Rashid, A. (2021). Influence of social media on purchase intention and customer loyalty of generation Y with the mediating effect of conviction: a case of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of International Affairs, 4(2), 526-548. https://doi.org/10.52337/pjia.v4i2.207
Khan, S. K., Rashid. A., Benhamed, A., Rasheed, R., & Huma, Z. (2023b). Effect of leadership styles on employee performance by considering psychological capital as mediator: evidence from airlines industry in emerging economy. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 18(6), 799-818. https://doi.org/10.47556/J.WJEMSD.18.6.2022.7
Khan, S., Rasheed., R., Rashid, A., Abbas, Q., & Mahboob, F. (2022). The Effect of Demographic Characteristics on Job Performance: An Empirical Study from Pakistan. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 9(2), 283-294. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2022.VOL9.NO2.0283
Khan, S., Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., & Amirah, N. A. (2023a). Designing a knowledge-based system (KBS) to study consumer purchase intention: the impact of digital influencers in Pakistan. Kybernetes, 52(5), 1720-1744. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-06-2021-0497
Kirytopoulos, K., Leopoulos, V., & Voulgaridou, D. (2008). Supplier selection in pharmaceutical industry: An analytic network process approach. Benchmarking An International Journal, 15(4), 494–516. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635770810887267
Kolb, H. C., & Sharpless, K. B. (2003). The growing impact of click chemistry on drug discovery. Drug Discovery Today, 8(24), 1128–1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6446(03)02933-7
Lai, C.-C., Wang, C.-Y., Wang, Y.-H., Hsueh, S.-C., Ko, W.-C., & Hsueh, P.-R. (2020). Global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): disease incidence, daily cumulative index, mortality, and their association with country healthcare resources and economic status. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 55(4), 105946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105946
Lance, C. E., Dawson, B., Birkelbach, D., & Hoffman, B. J. (2010). Method effects, measurement error, and substantive conclusions. Organizational Research Methods, 13(3), 435–455. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428109352528
Legowo, M. B., Subanidja, S., & Sorongan, F. A. (2020, September). Model of sustainable development based on FinTech in financial and banking industry: a mixed-method research. In 2020 3rd International conference on computer and informatics engineering (IC2IE) (pp. 194-199). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IC2IE50715.2020.9274605
Loske, D. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on transport volume and freight capacity dynamics: An empirical analysis in German food retail logistics. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 6(100165), 100165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100165
Majeed, M. T., & Ozturk, I. (2020). Environmental degradation and population health outcomes: a global panel data analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 27(13), 15901–15911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08167-8
Martin, G., Grant, A., & D’Agostino, M. (2012). Global health funding and economic development. Globalization and Health, 8(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-8-8
Martínez Rivas, C. J., Tarhini, M., Badri, W., Miladi, K., Greige-Gerges, H., Nazari, Q. A., Galindo Rodríguez, S. A., Román, R. Á., Fessi, H., & Elaissari, A. (2017). Nanoprecipitation process: From encapsulation to drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 532(1), 66–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.064
Mathur, B., Gupta, S., Meena, M. L., & Dangayach, G. S. (2018). Healthcare supply chain management: literature review and some issues. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 15(3), 265–287. https://doi.org/10.1108/jamr-09-2017-0090
Matthews, H., Hanison, J., & Nirmalan, N. (2016). “Omics”-informed drug and biomarker discovery: Opportunities, challenges and future perspectives. Proteomes, 4(3), 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes4030028
Merikanto, I., Dauvilliers, Y., Chung, F., Holzinger, B., De Gennaro, L., Wing, Y. K., Korman, M., Partinen, M., & 2nd ICOSS members. (2022). Disturbances in sleep, circadian rhythms and daytime functioning in relation to coronavirus infection and Long‐COVID – A multinational ICOSS study. Journal of Sleep Research, 31(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13542
Mertler, C. A. (2024). Action research: Improving schools and empowering educators. Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483396484
Moosivand, A., Rajabzadeh Ghatari, A., & Rasekh, H. R. (2019). Supply chain challenges in pharmaceutical manufacturing companies: Using qualitative system dynamics methodology. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR, 18(2), 1103–1116. https://doi.org/10.22037/ijpr.2019.2389
Nazri, N. S. A., Ngah, A. H., Rahi, S., Gabarre, S., Long, F., & Rashid, A. (2024). Bon appetit! Factors influencing consumers’ repurchase intention at food trucks in Malaysia. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15378020.2024.2430064
Ngah, A. H., Thurasamy, R., Rahi, S., Kamalrulzaman, N. I., Rashid, A., & Long, F. (2024b). Flying to your Home Yard: The Mediation and Moderation Model of the Intention to Employ Drones for Last-Mile Delivery. Kybernetes, In press. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-04-2024-1098
Ngah, S., Rahi, S., Long., F., Gabarre, C., Rashid, A., & Ngah, A. H. (2024a). Future behavioural of Console gamers and Mobile gamers: Are they differ? Quality & Quantity, 58(6), 5531–5557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-024-01895-w
Omoruyi, O., & Mafini, C. (2016). Supply chain management and customer satisfaction in small to medium enterprises. Studia Universitatis Babe-Bolyai Oeconomica, 61(3), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1515/subboec-2016-0004
Pankevich, D. E., Altevogt, B. M., Dunlop, J., Gage, F. H., & Hyman, S. E. (2014). Improving and accelerating drug development for nervous system disorders. Neuron, 84(3), 546–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2014.10.007
Pinson, P., & Makridakis, S. (2022). Pandemics and forecasting: The way forward through the Taleb-Ioannidis debate. International Journal of Forecasting, 38(2), 410–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2020.08.007
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Rahi, S., Ghani, M. A., Al-Okaily, M., Rashid, A., Alghizzawi, M., & Shiyyab, F. S. (2024). Breaking into the Black Box of Customer Perception Towards Robot Service: Empirical Evidence from Service Sector. Heliyon, 10(19), e38117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38117
Rasheed, R. & Rashid, A. (2022). Emerging Issues and Challenges to Fiscal Federalism in Pakistan. International Journal of Business Strategy and Social Sciences, 5(1), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.18488/171.v5i1.2987
Rasheed, R., & Rashid, R. (2023). Role of service quality factors in word of mouth through student satisfaction. Kybernetes, 53(9), 2854-2870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-01-2023-0119
Rasheed, R., Rashid, A., & Ngah, A. H. (2024a). Role of Leadership Styles to Foster Innovative Capabilities and Green Purchasing. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, In press. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGOSS-05-2023-0047
Rasheed, R., Rashid, A., Amirah, N. A., & Afthanorhan, A. (2023). Quantifying the moderating effect of servant leadership between occupational stress and employee in-role and extra-role performance. Calitatea, 24(195), 60-68. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/24.195.08
Rasheed, R., Rashid, A., Amirah, N. A., & Hashmi, R. (2024b). Integrating Environmental and Entrepreneurship Advocacy into Enviropreneurship through Green Supply Chain Management, Waste Management, and Green Innovation: A Study on SMEs of US. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 21(2024), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2024.100768
Rasheed, R., Rashid, A., Tunio, M. N., & Amirah, N. A. (2025b). Measuring the Impact of Leadership Attributes on Employee Engagement Through Psychological Empowerment: A Study from the Pharmaceutical Industry. Evidence-based HRM, In press. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-08-2024-0307
Rasheed, R., Roques, O., & Rashid, A. (2025a). Perceived Nepotism and Job Satisfaction: A Moderated Mediated Model of Supervisory Trust, Procedural and Distributive Injustice. International Journal of Public Administration, In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2025.2459746
Rashid, A. & Rasheed, R. (2022). A Paradigm for Measuring Sustainable Performance Through Big Data Analytics–Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing Firms. Available at SSRN 4087758. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4087758
Rashid, A. (2016). Impact of inventory management in downstream chains on customer satisfaction at manufacturing firms. International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering, 6(6), 1-19.
Rashid, A., & Amirah, N. A. (2017). Relationship between poor documentation and efficient inventory control at Provincial Ministry of Health, Lahore. American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences, 5(6), 420-423.
Rashid, A., & Rasheed, R. (2023). Mediation of Inventory Management in the Relationship between Knowledge and Firm Performance. SAGE Open, 13(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231164593
Rashid, A., & Rasheed, R. (2024). Logistics Service Quality and Product Satisfaction in E-Commerce. SAGE Open, 14(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231224250
Rashid, A., Ali, S. B., Rasheed, R., Amirah, N. A., & Ngah, A. H. (2022a). A paradigm of blockchain and supply chain performance: a mediated model using structural equation modeling. Kybernetes, 52(12), 6163-6178. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-04-2022-0543
Rashid, A., Amirah, N. A., & Yusof, Y. (2019). Statistical approach in exploring factors of documentation process and hospital performance: a preliminary study. American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences, 9(4), 306-310.
Rashid, A., Amirah, N. A., Yusof, Y., & Mohd, A. T. (2020). Analysis of demographic factors on perceptions of inventory managers towards healthcare performance. The Economics and Finance Letters, 7(2), 289-294. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.29.2020.72.289.294
Rashid, A., Baloch, N., Rasheed, R., & Ngah, A. H. (2025b). Big Data Analytics-Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Performance through Green Supply Chain Practices in Manufacturing Firms of a Developing Country. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 16(1), 42-67, https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-04-2023-0050
Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., & Altay, N. (2025a). Greening Manufacturing: The Role of Institutional Pressure and Collaboration in Operational Performance. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 36(2), 455-478. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-04-2024-0194
Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., & Amirah, N. A. (2023). Information technology and people involvement in organizational performance through supply chain collaboration. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 15(6), 1560-1576. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-12-2022-0217
Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., & Amirah, N. A. (2025c). Synergizing TQM, JIT, and Green Supply Chain Practices: Strategic Insights for Enhanced Environmental Performance. Logistics, 9(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010018
Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., & Ngah, A. H. (2024g). Achieving Sustainability through Multifaceted Green Functions in Manufacturing. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 17(2), 402-428. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGOSS-06-2023-0054
Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., Albhirat, M. M., & Amirah, N. A. (2024i). Conservation of Resources for Sustainable Performance in Tourism. Journal of Tourism Management Research, 11(1), 123-139. https://doi.org/10.18488/31.v11i1.3782
Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., Amirah, N. A., & Afthanorhan, A. (2022b). Disruptive factors and customer satisfaction at chain stores in Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Distribution Science, 20(10), 93-103. https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.20.10.202210.93
Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., Amirah, N. A., Yusof, Y., Khan, S., & Agha, A., A. (2021). A Quantitative Perspective of Systematic Research: Easy and Step-by-Step Initial Guidelines. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 12(9), 2874-2883. https://www.tojqi.net/index.php/journal/article/view/6159/4387
Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., Ngah, A. H., & Amirah, N. A. (2024d). Unleashing the Power of Cloud Adoption and Artificial Intelligence in Optimizing Resilience and Sustainable Manufacturing Supply Chain in the USA. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 35(7), 1329-1353. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-02-2024-0080
Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., Ngah, A. H., & Marjerison, R. K. (2024c). A Nexus of Multiple Integrations and Business Performance through Supply Chain Agility and Supply Flexibility: A Dynamic Capability View. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, In press. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-08-2023-0124
Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., Ngah, A. H., Pradeepa Jayaratne, M. D. R., Rahi, S. & Tunio, M. N. (2024e). Role of Information Processing and Digital Supply Chain in Supply Chain Resilience through Supply Chain Risk Management. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 17(2), 429-447. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGOSS-12-2023-0106
Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., Rahi, S., & Amirah, N. A. (2024h). Disruptive Factors of Vendor-Managed Inventory in the Manufacturing Industry. Supply Chain Forum, 25(3), 353–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/16258312.2024.2330913
Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., Rahi, S., & Amirah, N. A. (2025d). Impact of Supplier Trust and Integrated Technology on Supply Chain Resilience for Sustainable Supply Chain in FMCG Sector. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, In press. https://doi.org/10.1080/JSTPM-04-2024-0134
Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., Tanveer, U., Ishaq, S., & Amirah, N. A. (2024f). Mediation of Integrations in Supply Chain Information Management and Supply Chain Performance: An Empirical Study from a Developing Economy. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, In press. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-08-2023-0143
Shah, N. (2004).Pharmaceutical Supply Chains Key Issues and Strategies for Optimization. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 28, 929-941. - references - scientific research publishing. (n.d.). Scirp.org. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1512007
Singh, S., Kumar, R., Panchal, R., & Tiwari, M. K. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on logistics systems and disruptions in food supply chain. International Journal of Production Research, 59(7), 1993–2008. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2020.1792000
Spinelli, A., & Pellino, G. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives on an unfolding crisis: COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives on an unfolding crisis. The British Journal of Surgery, 107(7), 785–787. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11627
Steele, N. G., Carpenter, E. S., Kemp, S. B., Sirihorachai, V. R., The, S., Delrosario, L., Lazarus, J., Amir, E.-A. D., Gunchick, V., Espinoza, C., Bell, S., Harris, L., Lima, F., Irizarry-Negron, V., Paglia, D., Macchia, J., Chu, A. K. Y., Schofield, H., Wamsteker, E.-J., … Pasca di Magliano, M. (2020). Multimodal mapping of the tumor and peripheral blood immune landscape in human pancreatic cancer. Nature Cancer, 1(11), 1097–1112. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43018-020-00121-4
Stock, J. R., Greis, N. P., & Kasarda, J. D. (2000). Logistics, strategy, and structure: A conceptual framework. International Journal of Logistics Management, 11(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443579810192772
Swoboda, B., & Sinning, C. (2020). How country development and national culture affect the paths of perceived brand globalness to consumer behavior across nations. Journal of Business Research, 118, 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.045
Tunio, M. N., Sabir, I., Rashid, A., & Gilal, F. G. (2024). Factors Affecting CSR Practices in Entrepreneurship: Case of Female Entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Governance and Business Ethics Information technology and people involvement in organizational performance through in Tourism Management: A Business Strategy for Sustainable Organizational Performance, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds. 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83608-704-520241003
Usman Awan, M., Raouf, A., Ahmad, N., & Sparks, L. (2009). Total quality management in developing countries: A case of pharmaceutical wholesale distribution in Pakistan. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 3(4), 363–380. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506120911006056
Uthayakumar, R., & Priyan, S. (2013). Pharmaceutical supply chain and inventory management strategies: Optimization for a pharmaceutical company and a hospital. Operations Research for Health Care, 2(3), 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orhc.2013.08.001
Wang, Q. (2023). Planning for an inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem: COVID-19 and business resilience in underserved communities. Journal of the American Planning Association, 89(3), 295-309. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2105740
Wang, Y., Zhang, D., Du, G., Du, R., Zhao, J., Jin, Y., Fu, S., Gao, L., Cheng, Z., Lu, Q., Hu, Y., Luo, G., Wang, K., Lu, Y., Li, H., Wang, S., Ruan, S., Yang, C., Mei, C., … Wang, C. (2020). Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet, 395(10236), 1569–1578. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31022-9
Warnecke, T., Batada, N. N., & Hurst, L. D. (2008). The impact of the nucleosome code on protein-coding sequence evolution in yeast. PLoS Genetics, 4(11), e1000250. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000250
Wilson, M., Williams, M. A., Jones, D. S., & Andrews, G. P. (2012). Hot-melt extrusion technology and pharmaceutical application. Therapeutic Delivery, 3(6), 787–797. https://doi.org/10.4155/tde.12.26
Yanamandra, R. (2018). Development of an integrated healthcare supply chain model. Chain Forum, 19(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/16258312.2018.1475823Authors
Yang, J., Zheng, Y., Gou, X., Pu, K., Chen, Z., Guo, Q., Ji, R., Wang, H., Wang, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2020). Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases: IJID: Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 94, 91–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2025 South Asian Journal of Operations and Logistics

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.