Measuring Student Satisfaction through Overall Quality at Business Schools: A Structural Equation Modeling

Student Satisfaction and Quality of Education

https://doi.org/10.57044/SAJSR.2022.1.2.2210

Authors

  • Sherbaz Khan
  • Syed Imran Zaman
  • Madiha Rais

Keywords:

Satisfaction, PLS study, Karachi, Business School, SmartPLS, Word of Mouth

Abstract

In the higher education sector, academic and service quality are the main factors that need to be focused on. Academic quality is mainly focused on learning abilities and knowledge outcomes, while service quality is focused on administrative services. The research bases its theoretical background on the service quality model (SQM) and expectancy disconfirmation model (EDM). The research follows a quantitative approach where the data was collected using a survey questionnaire based on semi-structured questions. The research reviewed female student satisfaction at business schools based on several factors derived from two underpinning theories. The variables derived from the theories and literature were Information quality, the efficiency of service, teaching quality, overall quality, student satisfaction, disconfirmation and word of mouth. The findings suggested that the university should focus more on teachers' satisfaction which would result in a positive attitude towards their students and that would result in better satisfaction. In addition, the course syllabus and quality deliverance can be better regulated by providing teachers training and workshops to help them improve their teaching style and course syllabus if needed.

References

Abdullah, F. (2006). The development of HEdPERF: A new measuring instrument of service quality for the higher education sector. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30, 569-581. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00480.x

Afridi, S. A., Khattak, A., & Khan, A. (2016). Measurement of service quality gap in the selected private universities/institutes of Peshawar using SERVQUAL model. City University Research Journal, 6(1), 61-69.

Ahmad, N., & Iqbal, H. (2010). Impact of Service Quality on Customers' Satisfaction: Empirical evidence from telecom sector of Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 1(12), 9.

Al-Maghrabi, T., Dennis, C., & Halliday, S. V. (2011). Antecedents of continuance intentions towards e-shopping: The case of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 24(1), 85-111. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410391111097447

Alnsour, M. S., Tayeh, B. A., & Alzyadat, M. A. (2014). Using SERVQUAL to assess the quality of service provided by the Jordanian telecommunications sector. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 24(3), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCoMA-03-2012-0021

Alves, & Raposo. (2010). The Influence of University Image on Students' Behavior. International Journal of Educational Management, 24, 73-85. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513541011013060

American Council on Education (2015). International higher education partnerships: A global review of standards and practices. USA: Washington, DC: Author.

Anderson, E. W., Fornell, C., & Lehmann, D. R. (1994). Customer satisfaction, market share, and profitability: Findings from Sweden. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 53-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800304

Appleton-Knapp, S. L., & Krentler, K. A. (2006). Measuring student expectations and their effects on satisfaction; The importance of managing student expectations. Journal of Marketing Education, 28, 254-264. https://doi.org/10.1177/0273475306293359

Arambewela, R., & Hall, J. (2006). A comparative analysis of international education satisfaction using SERVQUAL. Journal of services research, 6(Special), 141-163.

Arokiasamy, A. & Abdullah, A. (2012). Service quality and students' satisfaction at higher learning institutions: A case study of Malaysian university competitiveness. International Journal of Management and Strategy, 3(5), 1-16.

Bansal, H. S., & Voyer, P. A. (2000). Word-of-mouth processes within a services purchase decision context. Journal of Service Research, 3(2), 166-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/109467050032005

Barnes, S. J., & Vidgen, R. (2004). Interactive e-government: Evaluating the web site of the UK Inland Revenue. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations (JECO), 2(1), 42-63. https://doi.org/10.4018/jeco.2004010104

Borghi, S., Mainardes, E., & Silva, É. (2016). Expectations of higher education students: a comparison between the perception of student and teachers. Tertiary Education and Management, 22(2), 171-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/13583883.2016.1188326

Calvo-Porral, C., Lévy-Mangin, J. P., & Novo-Corti, I. (2013). Perceived quality in higher education: an empirical study. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 31(6), 601-619. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-11-2012-0136

Campbell, W. E., & Smith, K. A. (Eds.). (1997). New paradigms for college teaching. Interaction Book Company.

Chattopadhayay, R., Ganesh, A., Samanta, J., Jana, S. K., Chakravarty, B. N., & Chaudhury, K. (2010). Effect of follicular fluid oxidative stress on meiotic spindle formation in infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, 69(3), 197-202. https://doi.org/10.1159/000270900

Chou, H. K., Lin, I. C., Woung, L. C., & Tsai, M. T. (2012). Engagement in e-learning opportunities: An empirical study on patient education using expectation confirmation theory. Journal of Medical Systems, 36(3), 1697-1706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-010-9630-9

De Bruyn, A., & Lilien, G. L. (2008). A multi-stage model of word-of-mouth influence through viral marketing. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 25(3), 151-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2008.03.004

De Vit, B., & Mayer, R. (1999). Strategy Synthesis. Resolving Strategy Paradoxes to Create Competitive Advantage. International Thomson Business Press, London.

Delone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (2003). The DeLone and McLean model of information systems success: a ten-year update. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045748

Detlor, B., Hupfer, M., & Ruhi, U. (2010). Tips for Tracking Web Information Seeking Behavior. In Web Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 89-118). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-982-3.ch007

Dijkstra, T. K., & Henseler, J. (2015). Consistent partial least squares path modeling. MIS Quarterly, 39(2). https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2015/39.2.02

Elliott, K. & Healy, M. (2001). Key factors influencing student satisfaction related to recruitment and retention. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 10(4), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1300/J050v10n04_01

Eppler, M. J. (2006). Managing information quality: Increasing the value of information in knowledge-intensive products and processes. Springer Science & Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32225-6

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104

Gorla, N., Somers, T. M., & Wong, B. (2010). Organizational impact of system quality, information quality, and service quality. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 19(3), 207-228. (n.d.). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2010.05.001

Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202

Harman, H. H. (1976). Modern factor analysis: University of Chicago Press.

Harris, D. N., & Rutledge, S. A. (2007). Models and predictors of teacher effectiveness: A review of the literature with lessons from (and for) other occupations. Unpublished manuscript, University of Wisconsin at Madison.

Hashmi, A. R., & Mohd, A. T. (2020). The effect of disruptive factors on inventory control as a mediator and organizational performance in Health Department of Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy, 9(2), 122-134. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.26.2020.92.122.134

Hashmi, A. R., Amirah, N. A., & Yusof, Y. (2020a). Mediating effect of integrated systems on the relationship between supply chain management practices and public healthcare performance: Structural Equation Modeling. International Journal of Management and Sustainability, 9(3), 148-160. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.11.2020.93.148.160

Hashmi, A. R., Amirah, N. A., & Yusof, Y. (2021a). Organizational performance with disruptive factors and inventory control as a mediator in public healthcare of Punjab, Pakistan. Management Science Letters, 11(1), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.8.028

Hashmi, A. R., Amirah, N. A., Yusof, Y., & Zaliha, T. N. (2020b). Exploring the dimensions using exploratory factor analysis of disruptive factors and inventory control. The Economics and Finance Letters, 7(2), 247-254. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.29.2020.72.247.254

Hashmi, A. R., Amirah, N. A., Yusof, Y., & Zaliha, T. N. (2021b). Mediation of inventory control practices in proficiency and organizational performance: State-funded hospital perspective. Uncertain Supply Chain Management. 9(1), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2020.11.006

Headar, M. M., Elaref, N., & Yacout, O. M. (2013). Antecedents and consequences of student satisfaction with e-learning: The case of private universities in Egypt. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 23(2), 226-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2013.867919

James, O. (2009). Evaluating the expectations disconfirmation and expectations anchoring approaches to citizen satisfaction with local public services. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 19(1), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum034

Jillapalli, R. K., & Jillapalli, R. (2014). Do professors have customer-based brand equity?. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 24(1), 22-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2014.909556

Jin, X.-L., Zhou, Z., Lee, M. K., & Cheung, C. M. (2013). Why users keep answering questions in online question answering communities: A theoretical and empirical investigation. International Journal of Information Management, 33(1), 93-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2012.07.007

Jung, Y. (2011). Understanding the role of sense of presence and perceived autonomy in users' continued use of social virtual worlds. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 16(4), 492-510. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2011.01540.x

Kaisara, G., & Pather, S. (2011). The e-government evaluation challenge: A south African Batho Pele-aligned service quality approach. Government Information Quarterly, 28(2), 211-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.07.008

Kanakana, M. G. (2014). Assessing service quality in higher education using the SERVQUAL tool. In International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (Vol. 1, pp. 68-74).

Keller, Redman, Watkins, & Huh. (1990). Huh, Y. U., Keller, F. R., Redman, T. C., & Watkins, A. R. (1990). Data quality. Information and Software Technology, 32(8), 559-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-5849(90)90146-I

Kundi, G. M., Khan, M. S., Qureshi, Q., Khan, Y., & Akhtar, R. (2014). Impact of service quality on customer satisfaction in higher education institutions. Industrial Engineering Letters, 4(3), 23-28.

Lang, B., & Hyde, K. (2013). Word of mouth: What we know and what we have yet to learn. The Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior, 26, 1-18.

Lehmann, W. S. (2015). The influence of electronic word-of-mouth (EWOM) on college search and choice (Doctoral dissertation, University of Miami).

Loiacono, E. T., Watson, R. T., & Goodhue, D. L. (2002). WebQual: A measure of website quality. Marketing Theory and Applications, 13(3), 432-438.

Malik, M. E., Danish, R. Q., & Usman, A. (2010). The impact of service quality on students' satisfaction in higher education institutes of Punjab. Journal of Management Research, 2(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v2i2.418

Mansori, S., Vaz, A. F., & Ismail, Z. (2014). Service quality, satisfaction and student loyalty in Malaysian private education. Asian Social Science, 10(7), 57-66. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n7p57

Marsh, H. W., & Hocevar, D. (1991). The multidimensionality of students' evaluations of teaching effectiveness: The generality of factor structures across academic discipline, instructor level, and course level. Teaching and teacher education, 7(1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-051X(91)90054-S

Martin, W. C., & Lueg, J. E. (2013). Modeling word-of-mouth usage. Journal of Business Research, 66(7), 801-808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.06.004

Martínez, T. L., & Toledo, L. D. (2013). What do graduates think? An analysis of intention to repeat the same studies and university. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 23(1), 62-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2013.812589

Mavondo, F. T., Tsarenko, Y., & Gabbott, M. (2004). International and local student satisfaction: Resources and capabilities perspective. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 14(1), 41-60. https://doi.org/10.1300/J050v14n01_03

Mersha, Y., Bishaw, A., & Tegegne, F. (2013). Factors affecting female students' academic achievement at Bahir Dar University. Journal of International Cooperation in Education, 15(3), 135-148.

Morgeson, F. V. (2013). Expectations, disconfirmation, and citizen satisfaction with the US federal government: Testing and expanding the model. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 23(2), 289-305. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus012

Muhammad, N., Kakakhel, S. J., Baloch, Q. B., & Ali, F. (2018). Service quality the road ahead for student's satisfaction. Review of Public Administration and Management, 6(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.4172/2315-7844.1000250

Mulyawan, A., & Sidharta, I. (2014). Determinan Kualitas Layanan Akademik Di STMIK Mardira Indonesia Bandung. Jurnal Computech & Bisnis, 8(1), 13.

Ndubisi, N. O. (2012). Relationship quality: Upshot of mindfulness-based marketing strategy in small organizations. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 29(6), 626-641. https://doi.org/10.1108/02656711211245638

Nelson, R. R., Todd, P. A., & Wixom, B. H. (2005). Antecedents of information and system quality: an empirical examination within the context of data warehousing. Journal of Management Information Systems, 21(4), 199-235. (n.d.). https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2005.11045823

Olatokun, W. M., & Ojo, F. O. (2016). Influence of service quality on consumers' satisfaction with mobile telecommunication services in Nigeria. Information Development, 32(3), 398-408. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666914553316

Oliver, R. L. (1977). Effect of Expectation and disconfirmation on postexposure product evaluations: An alternative interpretation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 480-486. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.62.4.480

Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17,460-469. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378001700405

Papadomichelaki, X., & Mentzas, G. (2012). e-GovQual: A multiple-item scale for assessing e-government service quality. Government Information Quarterly, 29(1), 98-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2011.08.011

Parahoo, S. K., Harvey, H. L., & Tamim, R. M. (2013). Factors influencing student satisfaction in universities in the Gulf region: does gender of students matter?. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 23(2), 135-154. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2013.860940

Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A conceptual model of service quality and its implications for future research. Journal of Marketing, 49(4), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298504900403

Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12-40.

Poister, T. H., & Thomas, J. C. (2011). The effect of expectations and expectancy confirmation/disconfirmation on motorists' satisfaction with state highways. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 21(4), 601-617. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mur004

Pratyush, N. S., Forrest V. M. III, Sunil, M., & Salman, A. (2018). An empirical and comparative analysis of E-government performance measurement models: Model selection via explanation, prediction, and parsimony. Government Information Quarterly, 35, 515-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.07.003

Qomariah, N. (2012). Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan dan Citra Institusi terhadap Kepuasan dan Loyalitas Pelanggan (Studi pada Universitas Muhammadiyah di Jawa Timur). Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 10(1), 177-187.

Rashid, A. & Rasheed, R. (2022). A Paradigm for Measuring Sustainable Performance Through Big Data Analytics-Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing Firms. SSRN 4087758. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4087758

Rashid, A. (2016). Impact of inventory management in downstream chains on customer satisfaction at manufacturing firms. International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering, 6(6), 1-19.

Rashid, A., & Amirah, N. A. (2017). Relationship between poor documentation and efficient inventory control at Provincial Ministry of Health, Lahore. American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences, 5(6), 420-423.

Rashid, A., Ali, S. B., Rasheed, R., Amirah, N. A. & Ngah, A. H. (2022). A paradigm of blockchain and supply chain performance: a mediated model using structural equation modeling. Kybernetes, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-04-2022-0543

Rashid, A., Amirah, N. A., & Yusof, Y. (2019). Statistical approach in exploring factors of documentation process and hospital performance: a preliminary study. American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences, 9(4), 306-310.

Rashid, A., Amirah, N. A., Yusof, Y., & Mohd, A. T. (2020). Analysis of demographic factors on perceptions of inventory managers towards healthcare performance. The Economics and Finance Letters, 7(2), 289-294. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.29.2020.72.289.294

Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., Amirah, N. A., Yusof, Y., Khan, S., & Agha, A., A. (2021). A Quantitative Perspective of Systematic Research: Easy and Step-by-Step Initial Guidelines. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 12(9), 2874-2883.

Roch, C. H., & Poister, T. H. (2006). Citizens, accountability, and service satisfaction: The influence of expectations. Urban Affairs Review, 41(3), 292-308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087405281124

Sander, P., Stevenson, K., King, M., & Coates, D. (2000). University students' expectations of teaching. Studies in Higher Education, 25, 309-323. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070050193433

Sandhu, H. S., & Bala, N. (2011). Customers' perception towards service quality of Life Insurance Corporation of India: A factor analytic approach. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(18), 219-231.

Senthilkumar, N., & Arulraj, A. (2011). SQM-HEI-determination of service quality measurement of higher education in India. Journal of Modelling in Management, 6(1), 60-78. https://doi.org/10.1108/17465661111112502

Sitra, A. R. A., & Sasidhar, B. (2005). Teachers' perception on the effectiveness of co-curricular activities: A case study of Malaysian schools. UNITAR e-Journal, 1(1), 32-44.

Stevenson, K., Sander, & P. (1998). Stevenson, K., & Sander, P. (1998). How do open university students expect to be taught at tutorials? Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 13, 42-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/0268051980130208

Suarman, F. (2015). Teaching Quality and Students Satisfaction: The Intermediary Role of Relationship between lecturers and Students of the Higher Learning Institutes. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2), 626-632. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2p626

Tao, Y. H., Cheng, C. J., & Sun, S. Y. (2009). What influences college students to continue using business simulation games? The Taiwan experience. Computers & Education, 53(3), 929-939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.05.009

Van Ryzin, G. G. (2004). Expectations, performance, and citizen satisfaction with urban services. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 23(3), 433-448. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.20020

Van Ryzin, G. G. (2006). Testing the expectancy disconfirmation model of citizen satisfaction with local government. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 16(4), 599-611. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mui058

Van Ryzin, G. G. (2007). Pieces of a puzzle: Linking government performance, citizen satisfaction, and trust. Public Performance & Management Review, 30(4), 521-535. https://doi.org/10.2753/PMR1530-9576300403

Wang, R. & Strong, D. (1996). Beyond accuracy: What data quality means to data consumers. Journal of Management Information Systems, 12(4), 5-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.1996.11518099

Wardley, L. J., Bélanger, C. H., & Leonard, V. M. (2013). Institutional commitment of traditional and non-traditional-aged students: a potential brand measurement?. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 23(1), 90-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2013.810691

Wilkins, S. & Balakrishnan, M. S. (2013), Assessing student satisfaction in transnational higher education. International Journal of Educational Management, 27(2), 146-153. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513541311297568

Yoo, C. W., Sanders, G. L., & Moon, J. (2013). Exploring the effect of e-WOM participation on e-Loyalty in e-commerce. Decision Support Systems, 55(3), 669-678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2013.02.001

Yousapronpaiboon, K. (2014). SERVQUAL: Measuring higher education service quality in Thailand. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 1088-1095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.350

Published

2022-10-01

How to Cite

Sherbaz Khan, Syed Imran Zaman, & Madiha Rais. (2022). Measuring Student Satisfaction through Overall Quality at Business Schools: A Structural Equation Modeling: Student Satisfaction and Quality of Education. South Asian Journal of Social Review, 1(2), 34–55. https://doi.org/10.57044/SAJSR.2022.1.2.2210

Issue

Section

Articles